An accurate understanding of the female cycle empowers us to keep track of what hormones are active each day so that if we encounter difficulties we will know what nutritional product or essential oil to use to clear up the problem. Therefore I have included a chart to show in graphic form what actually happens at each point in the cycle.
This is a chart showing what hormones are active during each day of the female cycle. 
Starting on day one and looking at the bottom of the chart we see a mountain of red sloughing off. This is to represent what is happening to our endometrial lining. From day 1 to day 7 it sloughs off. Then from day 7 through 24 it builds up again before begins to slow down on day 21 and begins to break down then slough off again on day 28.
At the top of the chart we see that the egg is released on day 14 and then travels down the fallopian tube. By day 21 it should arrive in the uterus and if it has been fertilized it will implant itself on the endometrial lining. If it hasn’t been fertilized by the time of its arrival it dissolves. If a fertilized egg does implant it secretes a hormone triggering the ovarian cyst that released it to continue to produce progesterone. If the ovary doesn’t receive that signal the cyst dries up and stops producing the progesterone so that by day 28 the progesterone stops and the period begins.
Day 1 to Day 14 is known at the follicular phase or estrogen phase.
Looking up at the graph of hormones, we see that starting on day 1 there is slightly more estrogen (blue line) than there is of the other hormones. That blue line begins to build about day 7 slowly coming to a peak around day 11 then sloping off sharply by day 14.
Estrogen is dominant during this phase but some progesterone (the black line on the graph) is still needed to balance the estrogen. On day 1 there is very little LH (luteinizing hormone), represented by the green line, and likewise very little FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), as shown by the red line. There is a slight peak for both of these around day 5, followed by a much larger spike at day 13-14. Notice that LH, from the pituitary, peaks a half day to a full day earlier then FSH, from the thyroid. Then they decrease sharply to very little during the second half of the period.
Day 14 to Day 28 is called the Luteal Phase or the Progesterone Phase
There is also a small amount of progesterone going forward from day one, but little or no LH or FSH. Progesterone is present at a low level until day 14, when it begins to build rapidly, reaching its peak at about day 22 and then falling back down to very little on day 28. Notice that estrogen is also being used during this part of the cycle but not to the same degree as during the first half of the menstrual cycle
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